Influence factors of bone mineral density and its correlation with insulin resistance in obese children in Qianjiang area / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the influencing factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in obese children in Qianjiang area and analyze the correlation between BMD and insulin resistance. Methods The data on pediatric cases from the outpatient department of Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital in Qianjiang from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected. A total of 183 obese children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and selected in the observation group. A total of 352 children undergoing physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Results The body mass, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and BMI of obese children were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.001). Biochemical indexes including FBG, FINS, Home-IR, ALP, and LDL-C in obese children were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while bone mineral density, Ca, P, sOC and HDL-C were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The bone mineral density of obese children was significantly correlated with their exercise intensity, sunshine exposure duration, sitting time, intake of milk and dairy products, intake of sweets, supplementation of trace elements, BMI, Home-IR, and sex (all P<0.05). BMI, Home-IR, sex, exercise intensity, and sunshine exposure length were independent risk factors affecting bone mineral density of obese children (all P<0.05). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with BMI and Home-IR (P=0.028 and0.017, respectively), and positive correlation with exercise intensity and sunlight exposure (P=0.033). Conclusion BMD of obese children in Qianjiang area is affected by gender, body mass index, diet, vitamin intake, and physical activity, and is negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Home-IR can be used as a reference for screening BMD of obese children.

Bisphenol A and its analogue bisphenol S exposure reduce estradiol synthesis via the ROS-mediated PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway.

As a kind of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, BPA may affect the human placenta. Due to consumer unease about BPA, many manufacturers are using alternatives to BPA, such as BPS. However, some reports suggest that BPS may produce similar results to BPA. To understand how BPA/BPS leads to reduced synthesis of placental estradiol (E2), we conducted studies using a human choriocarcinoma cell (JEG-3) model for research. In this study. Elisa assay revealed that both BPA/BPS exposures decreased E2 synthesis in JEG-3 cells. The results of RT-PCR showed that both BPA and BPS could reduce the mRNA expression of CYP19A1, a key enzyme for E2 synthesis in JEG-3 cells. In addition, Western blot assay showed that BPA/BPS-induced ER-stress PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling protein expression was increased. The expression of ROS in cells after exposure to BPA/BPS was detected using the 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) method. The results of this experiment showed that BPA/BPS significantly induced an inhibition of ROS in JEG-3 cells. The present study concluded that, firstly, BPS exposure induced almost the same effect as BPA in reducing E2 synthesis in JEG-3 cells. Second, BPA/BPS exposure may reduce E2 synthesis in JEG-3 cells by increasing ROS levels and thus activating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Investigation on the precipitate morphology and fraction characterization by atomic force microscopy.

Precipitate was typically characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the relationship between material property and precipitate fraction. However, these procedures tend to be are always time consuming because of the complicated sample preparation process involved and the observation course. Particularly, sometime the precipitate can't be highlighted solely from the images easily. In this study, atomic force microscopy (ATM) was performed to characterize the morphology and fraction of the precipitate in this paper. Five kinds of materials were selected and prepared by electropolishing or vibration polishing method to display the precipitates on the sample surface. The experiment results prove that different types of precipitates with higher values for height on a sample surface could be clearly observed by AFM, and the images quality is highly relied upon the surface quality. The precipitate fraction can be calculated using the AFM micrographs and image photo post treated software (IPP). It was turned out that AFM is found suitable for observation almost all kinds of precipitates, and the precipitates can be easily separated from the images. Not only vibration polishing but also electrolytic polishing could offer a smooth surface for observing nanosized precipitates by AFM. A comparison of the fraction result obtained by AFM and precise microchemical analysis proves that the fraction measurement result obtained by AFM is acceptable.

Discrepancy in ingroup bias among different self-construal individuals: The moderating role of group types.

Although ingroup bias is well confirmed in various groups, the extent of the bias is affected by culture. Using a point-assignment task and implicit association task (IAT) paradigm, we conducted research to explore the influence of independent/interdependent self-construal ingroup bias in live and minimal group situations from both explicit and implicit aspects. The results showed that no matter which construal style was used (independent or interdependent self-construal), participants showed ingroup bias in both live and minimal groups. In the minimal group condition, the ingroup bias of individuals with independent self-construal was significantly higher than that of individuals with interdependent self-construal. Conversely, in the live group condition, the ingroup bias of individuals with interdependent self-construal was significantly higher than that of individuals with independent self-construal. This study showed the influence of independent/interdependent self-construal on ingroup bias and group type is a moderating variable. Results indicate that group categorization may play an essential role in ingroup bias of different group types.

Research and practice of integrating curriculum ideology and politics into the teaching of Chinese Materia Medica Processing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

As an elective or compulsory professional course for traditional Chinese medicine related majors in colleges and universities, Chinese Materia Medica Processing plays a role in imparting professional knowledge and skills. More importantly, the Chinese Materia Medica Processing also has a recessive role in the cultivation of professional ethics. Through in-depth excavation of the rich ideological and political education elements in the teaching of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, the seamless connection between the ideological and political elements and the knowledge module of the course is realized, and the modern Chinese Materia Medica Processing teaching mode with the organic unity of value guidance, knowledge teaching and ability training is built, so as to achieve the unity of knowledge teaching and value guidance while highlighting the professional skills training.

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Shaanxi Province, 2012-2021 / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021. 【Methods】 We collected the information of pertussis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021 by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for analyzing the incidence and distribution characteristics. 【Results】 From 2012 to 2021, a total of 8270 cases of pertussis were reported in Shaanxi Province, with the incidence ranging from 0.21 to 6.20 per 100 000 persons, and for an annual average incidence of 2.17 per 100 000 persons. 44.81% (3 706/8 270) occurred from June to September. The annual average incidence in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and northern Shaanxi was 1.78, 2.47, and 1.46 per 100 000 persons (χ2=289.638, P<0.001). The number of patients (proportions) with pertussis aged 0-1, 1-5, 5-10, and ≥10 years was 3 884 (46.96%), 2 869 (34.69%), 1 408 (17.03%), and 109 (1.32%), respectively. The number of patients (proportion) ≤ 2 months old, 3-5 months old, and ≥ 6 months old was 884 (22.76%),1 608 (41.40%), and 1 392 (35.84%) among pertussis patients under 1 year old. 【Conclusion】 The incidence of pertussis in Shaanxi Province basically showed an increasing trend with higher rates between June and September, higher rates in Guanzhong region of the province, and more patients over 5 years old.

Countermeasures of adverse reactions to blood donation in low-weight blood donors for the MCS+ blood cell separator UPP procedure / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to blood donation during platelet collection in female blood donors with low body weight and high platelet count, so as to improve the comfortableness during platelet collection and increase the proportion of repeated blood donors. 【Methods】 The control group and observation group were compared to explore the causes that may cause adverse reactions in the blood collection cycle using blood collection process program software in MCS+, and the incidence of blood donation reaction was compared and observed by increasing the times of oral administrations of calcium gluconate by 10%, increasing the number of collection cycles and reducing the peak plasma volume of the last cycle. 【Results】 After comparing the two groups, it was found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 16.7%(3/18) and 81.2%(26/32), the proportion of repeated donors in the observation group and the control group was 77.7%(14/18) and 31.2%(10/32). 【Conclusion】 Female platelet donors with low body weight and high platelet count should be given more care during the collection process. It is suggested that giving more times of oral administrations of calcium gluconate by 10% and one more collection cycle to reduce the collection peak in each cycle, as well as the supplement of saline, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to blood donation, thus improving blood donation satisfaction and increasing the proportion of repeated blood donors.

Anesthetic Management and Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Results From the ATTENTION Registry / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose To examine the clinical and safety outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) with different anesthetic modalities. @*Methods@#This was a retrospective analysis using data from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (ATTENTION) registry. Patients were divided into two groups defined by anesthetic modality performed during EVT: general anesthesia (GA) or non-general anesthesia (non-GA). The association between anesthetic management and clinical outcomes was evaluated in a propensity score matched (PSM) cohort and an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) cohort to adjust for imbalances between the two groups. @*Results@#Our analytic sample included 1,672 patients from 48 centers. The anesthetic modality was GA in 769 (46.0%) and non-GA in 903 (54.0%) patients. In our primary analysis with the PSM-based cohort, non-GA was comparable to GA concerning the primary outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.25; P=0.91). Mortality at 90 days was 38.4% in the GA group and 35.8% in the non-GA group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.08; P=0.44). In our secondary analysis with the IPTW-based cohort, the anesthetic modality was significantly associated with the distribution of modified Rankin Scale at 90 days (acOR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.20 to 1.75]). @*Conclusion@#In this nationally-representative observational study, acute ischemic stroke patients due to BAO undergoing EVT without GA had similar clinical and safety outcomes compared with patients treated with GA. These findings provide the basis for large-scale randomized controlled trials to test whether anesthetic management provides meaningful clinical effects for patients undergoing EVT.

Clinical effect of cosmetic reconstruction for partial defect of distal segment of thumb and finger / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of cosmetic reconstruction for partial defect of distal segment of digits.Methods:Form January 2018 to January 2021, the Department of Hand Surgery of Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry(The 521 Hospital of Weapon Industry) admitted 129 patients with partial defect of distal segment of thumb or fingers with phalange or tendon exposure. The patients were 111 males and 18 females with an average age of 34(17-59) years old. The sizes of nailbed defect were 0.4 cm×1.1 cm-1.8 cm×2.0 cm, the length of phalange defect was 0.4-1.8 cm, and the sizes of the soft tissue defect were 1.6 cm×1.8 cm-3.2 cm×4.8 cm. Great toe tissue flaps were used to reconstruct the partial defect of distal segment of thumb or fingers after debridement. Wounds of fibular flap of great toe in 77 cases were directly sutured in 17 patients. The donor sites in rest 60 great toes were narrowed first and then repaired with skin grafts in 10 cases, with artificial dermis in 28 cases and with transverse V-Y advancement flaps of ipsilateral great toes for 22 cases. Forty-nine of 52 donor site wounds for hallux toenail flap were repaired with artificial dermis and 3 with free peroneal artery perforator flaps. The method was outpatient follow-up. Postoperative follow-up lasted until July 2022. The check-items for follow-up included: occurrence of necrosis, appearance, shape and texture of the flap, appearance of the reconstructed nails, TPD of the reconstructed digit pulps, tolerance to cold on the scars of flaps, flexion and extension of the reconstructed digits. The healing time of phalanges of the reconstructed digits was evaluated by X-rays. The appearance, sensation, the tolerance to cold of great toe and the movement of donor foot were also assessed.Results:Postoperative follow-up lasted for 18 to 24 months, with an average of 21 months. A total of 128 flaps survived. Necrosis occurred in 1 fibular hallux flap, the necrosis was cured with a reverse digital proper artery island flap. Thereafter, all flaps healed well. The appearance, shape, texture and nails of reconstructed digits were close to the contralateral digits. The reconstructed thumb and finger were evaluated according to Zook, 127 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good.TPD of the pulps of the reconstructed digits was 4-10 mm. The mean score of the Vancouver scar scale(VSS) was 0.6 for scars of the reconstructed digits. The mean score of the Visual analog scale(VAS) was 0.3 for the tolerance to cold. Flexion and extension function recovered well in all the reconstructed digits. According to the Evaluation Criteria of Upper limb Function Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the function of hand was excellent in 127 cases and 1 in each of good and fair. X-rays of all digits showed the phalange healing of the reconstructed digits, with an average healing time of 2 months after surgery, without phalange resorption, infection, nonunion nor stress fracture. There was no difference between the length of the donor great toe and the contralateral toe, except the donor site of the great toe nail root. There was no significant visual difference between the appearance of the donor great toe and the contralateral toe. TPD of the pulps of donor great toe was 4-8 mm. The mean score of the VSS was 1.4 for scars in the donor great toe. The mean score of the VAS was 0.7 for the tolerance to cold of the donor great toe. There was no stress fracture at donor site, and the functions of donor foot were not affected when walking, running, jumping and tiptoeing in all patients.Conclusion:It is an ideal method for reconstructing a partial defect of distal segment of digit by great toe flap. It can not only reconstruct the partial defect of distal segment of the digit, but also results in a good appearance and satisfactory functions of the reconstructed digit. Damage to the donor site is minimum. The length of the donor great toe is unchanged, and it has little impact on sensation and appearance of the donor great toe. Meanwhile, there is no adverse effect on walking, running and jumping with the donor foot.

Intrathecal delivery of nusinersen using the Ommaya reservoir in a spinal muscular atrophy type 2 patient: a case report / 中华神经科杂志

Ommaya reservoir implantation is generally used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and intraventricular drug administration. Ommaya reservoir implantation in the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord for the intrathecal drug administration has not been carried out in China, and only several reports can be retrieved from PubMed. About 60%-90% of untreated patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (SMA2) who survive to adulthood often have complex scoliosis and joint deformities. Nusinersen is an effective drug for the treatment of SMA2. And the route of administration is intrathecal injection, which is difficult for patients with severe scoliosis. This article summarizes the process of Ommaya reservoir implantation and postoperative drug administration in a patient with complex scoliosis type SMA2, which provides a new method for clinical treatment of this disease.

ARID1A expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its relationship with tumor recurrence,metastasis and tumor-specific immunomarkers / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression level between AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1A(ARID1A) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and the correlation with tumor microenvironment.Methods:The clinicopathological and survival data of 110 ICC patients undergoing radical hepatectomy in Peking University People's Hospital from Jan 2015 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of ARID1A , programmed cell death 1 ligand 1( PD-L1) in tumor tissues , programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) and cluster of differentiation 8(CD8) in the microenvironment. The relationship between ARID1A expression and PD-L1, PD-1, CD8 protein expression was analyzed.Results:Twenty seven patients did not express ARID1A, absence of ARID1A was associated with high PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8 expression ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed ARID1A expression, preoperative CEA level,preoperative CA19-9 level, lymph node metastasis and tumor number were independent risk factors. Conclusion:Absent expression of ARID1A suggests poor prognosis of ICC patients, high expression of PD-L1,PD-1 and CD8 protein in ICC tumor microenvironment with ARID1A-deficient expression suggests a possible prognosis benefit by using anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and other immunotherapy regimens.

Comparative study of the surgical treatment for supraduodenal distal cholangiocarcinoma and Bismuth-Corlette type I hilar cholangiocarcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the surgical efficacy and prognosis of supraduodenal distal cholangiocarcinoma (SDC) and Bismuth-Corlette type I hilar cholangiocarcinoma (BIC), and to explore the clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma at different sites.Methods:The clinical data of 33 patients with SDC and 25 patients with BIC undergoing surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from Jan 2009 to Dec 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In the BIC group, four patients (16.0%) had combined caudate lobectomy, while in SDC group no caudate lobectomy was needed ( P=0.030). The incidence of pancreatic fistulae in SDC group and BIC group was 18.2% (6/33) and 0 (0/25), respectively ( P=0.032). The cumulative survival rates 1, 3, and 5 years after operation were 94.0%, 54.5%, and 30.3% in SDC group and 88.0%, 28.0%, and 16.0% in BIC group, respectively ( P=0.045). Univariate analysis showed that location of cholangiocarcinoma, residual status and AJCC stage were correlated with postoperative prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients. Multivariate analysis showed that BIC, non-R 0 resection and AJCC stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ were independent risk factors for overall survival after surgery. Conclusion:The overall survival rate of SDC patients after radical surgical resection was significantly higher than that of the BIC group.

Clinical features of patients with local recurrence and secondary operation after partial nephrectomy for renal cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with local recurrence and secondary operation after partial nephrectomy for renal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 14 patients who underwent secondary operation for local recurrence of renal cancer after partial nephrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2000 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 2 females. Nine patients had a body mass index ≥24 kg/m 2. At first diagnosis of renal cancer, nine patients’ R. E.N.A.L. score of renal mass were at least 7. Partial nephrectomy was performed in the first operation of each patient, including 4 cases of open surgery, 6 cases of laparoscopic surgery, and 4 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The pathological stage of nine patients was pT 1aN 0M 0 and that of five patients was pT 1bN 0M 0. Twelve cases were clear cell carcinoma, 1 case was sarcomatoid carcinoma and 1 case was chromophobe cell carcinoma. The mean time from the first operation to local recurrence was (29.3±16.8) months. All recurrence lesions were found by abdominal CT or MRI. Thirteen patients had no clinical symptom at the time of tumor recurrence. The location of recurrence was clear. No sign of invasion of peripheral organs and tissues was observed. There was no other suspicious lesion. The tumor was considered to be completely resectable in all patients. All 14 cases underwent secondary operation. Ten patients underwent radical nephrectomy [tumor size was (2.8±0.9) cm]. Partial nephrectomy was performed in 4 cases [tumor size was (1.8±0.9) cm]after full evaluation by surgeons, including 2 cases of anatomic solitary kidney, and 2 cases of recurrent tumor less than 2 cm with clear tumor margin. Results:Eleven of the 14 cases underwent minimally invasive surgery, and no cases were converted to open surgery. The other 3 cases underwent open surgery. Seven patients had severe adhesions in the operation area. The blood loss in the partial nephrectomy group and the radical nephrectomy group was (100.0±70.7) ml and (143.0±81.2) ml, respectively. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications, Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ complication occurred in 1 patient respectively, and no patient had Grade Ⅲ or above complication. No tumor cell was found at the surgical margin. The pathological type and nuclear grade were the same as those in the first operation. There were 10 cases of pT 1aN 0M 0 stage, 3 cases of pT 3aN 0M 0 stage and 1 case of pT 3aN 1M 0stage. The follow-up time of 13 patients with complete follow-up data was (21.4±14.9) months after local recurrence resection. The tumor recurred in 3 patients and metastasized in 2 patients. The disease-free survival time of the above 5 patients was (13.2±8.8) months. Of the 4 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy, 3 had recurrence or metastasis. Among the 9 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, 2 had postoperative recurrence or metastasis, and 7 patients survived without tumor until the last follow-up. Conclusions:For patients with local recurrence after partial nephrectomy who are in good condition and the recurrent lesions can be completely resected, the second operation is safe, feasible and effective. Patients with secondary radical nephrectomy have better prognosis. If the patient has a solitary kidney, the recurrent tumor is small and the margin is clear, partial nephrectomy can also be selected for the second operation. But the postoperative follow-up should be emphasized, and the adjuvant drug therapy should be given if necessary.

Research and progress of three-dimensional printing in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technology, which is widely used in automobile, aerospace, food, medicine and other fields. 3D printing technology brings novel solutions for precision medicine. In the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, 3D printing is used in medical education, surgical simulation, patient-specific liver models printing in hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In the future, with the discovery and application of high-tech materials, 3D printing technology will be further developed in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, and hepatobiliary surgery will usher in a new spring. This paper will review the application and future prospects of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

Herbal-moxa plaster for diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome of spleen and kidney yang deficiency: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between herbal-moxa plaster and moxa-box moxibustion for diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) of spleen and kidney yang deficiency.@*METHODS@#Eighty patients with IBS-D of spleen and kidney yang deficiency were randomly divided into a herbal-moxa plaster group and a moxa-box moxibustion group, 40 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups were treated with conventional acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Zhongwan (CV 12) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Yinlingquan (SP 9), and Taixi (KI 3), etc. In addition, the patients in the herbal-moxa plaster group were treated with herbal-moxa plaster (Wenyang Fuzheng ointment, composed of prepared monkshood, prepared evodia rutaecarpa, dried ginger, cinnamon, etc.) at Shenque (CV 8), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongwan (CV 12) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Shenshu (BL 23) and Shangjuxu (ST 37); the patients in the moxa-box moxibustion group were treated with moxa-box moxibustion at the same acupoints as the herbal-moxa plaster group. The acupuncture-moxibustion treatment was provided once every other day for 4 weeks (14 treatments). Before and after treatment, the scores of clinical symptom of TCM, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) and IBS quality of life scale (IBS-QOL) were compared between the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, each item scores and total scores of clinical symptom of TCM, and IBS-SSS scores in the two groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05). The abdominal bloating score, stool frequency score and total score of clinical symptom of TCM as well as IBS-SSS score in the herbal-moxa plaster group were lower than those in the moxa-box moxibustion group (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the IBS-QOL scores in the two groups were increased after treatment (P<0.05), and the IBS-QOL score in the herbal-moxa plaster group was higher than that in the moxa-box moxibustion group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.5% (37/40) in the herbal-moxa plaster group, which was higher than 85.0% (34/40) in the moxa-box moxibustion group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of conventional acupuncture treatment, herbal-moxa plaster could effectively improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life in IBS-D patients of spleen and kidney yang deficiency, and its efficacy is superior to that of moxa-box moxibustion.

Shouwuwan Regulates Synaptic Plasticity of Hippocampal Neurons in Rat Model of D-galactose-induced Aging via mTOR Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Shouwuwan on the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons in the rat model of D-galactose-induced aging via the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. MethodA total of 50 male SPF-grade SD rats were randomized into normal group， model group， vitamin E （0.018 g·kg-1） group， and low- and high-dose （1.08，2.16 g·kg-1， respectively） Shouwuwan groups. Except the normal group， the other four groups were treated with D-galactose （120 mg·kg-1） for the modeling of aging. The rats were simultaneously administrated with corresponding agents by gavage. After six weeks of modeling， Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the behavioral changes. The whole brain and hippocampus samples were collected. The expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95） and synaptophysin （SYN） in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Golgi staining was employed to observe the changes in the morphology and function of neurons. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were respectively employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR， phosphorylated （p）-mTOR， p70 ribosome protein S6 kinase （p70S6K）， phosphorylated （p）-p70S6K， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 （4EBP2）， and phosphorylated （p）-4EBP2 in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed slow swimming （P<0.01）， extended total swimming distance （P<0.05）， prolonged latency （P<0.01）， and decreased crossing number （P<0.01）. The modeling inhibited the expression of PSD-95 and SYN in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （P<0.01）， with the weakest staining effect and the smallest region， decreased the intersections of hippocampal neuron dendrites with concentric circles at the concentric distance of 100， 140， 180， and 200 μm from the cell body （P<0.01）， and reduced the length and density of dendritic spine （P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and p70S6K and the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K （P<0.01） and down-regulated the mRNA level of 4EBP2 and the protein levels of 4EBP2 and p-4EBP2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low- and high-dose Shouwuwan increased the average swimming speed （P<0.01）， shortened the latency （P<0.01）， increased the crossing number （P<0.01）， promoted the expression of PSD-95 and SYN in the hippocampal CA1 region （P<0.01）， increased the intersections between hippocampal neuronal dendrites and concentric circles at the concentric distance of 100， 140， 180，200 μm from the cell body （P<0.01）， and increased the number， length， and density of dendritic spine （P<0.01）. Furthermore， Shouwuwan down-regulated the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of 4EBP2 and p-4EBP2 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and p70S6K （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA level of 4EBP2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionShouwuwan can improve the learning and memory ability of rats exposed to D-galactose， promote the expression of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity， improve the morphology of neurons， repair neural function， reduce neuronal apoptosis， and inhibit mTOR signaling pathway to delay brain aging.

Obstetric Clinical Analysis in 8 Cases With Cushing’s Syndrome / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics， diagnosis process， treatment process， and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women with Cushing's syndrome， helping to optimize pregnancy management. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 8 pregnant women with Cushing’s syndrome who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital， Sun Yat-sen University between January 2006 and August 2022. The clinical characteristics， management and obstetric outcomes were recorded. ResultsPreeclampsia was detected in 4 cases，pre-gestational diabetes mellitus in 2 cases， gestational diabetes mellitus in 5 cases， and hypokalemia in all 8 cases. Elevated serum cortisol， disappearance of day-night rhythm of cortisol， increased 24-hour urine cortisol and decrease in serum ACTH were found in 8 cases by laboratory examination. Furthermore， adrenal adenoma was detected in all 8 cases by ultrasonography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Three cases underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the second trimester and 4 cases received surgery after delivery. The diagnosis of adrenal cortical adenoma was confirmed by pathological report. Six cases had preterm birth， while one patient delivered after 37 weeks of gestation and one patient suffered from spontaneous abortion. Among 7 cases of live birth， 6 patients underwent cesarean section and 1 patient had vaginal delivery. Of all newborns， 3 had low birth weight. One case had a birth defect. Four infants were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit， and two infants died. One child was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome at 2 years of age. ConclusionsCushing's syndrome is rare and high risk during pregnancy. It requires multidisciplinary diagnosis， treatment， and long-term follow-up. Drug therapy carries a risk of progression and requires intensive care during pregnancy， postpartum follow-up， and specialist treatment.

A clinical research on relationship between sepsis-induced coagulopathy and prognosis in patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in patients with sepsis.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2021, patients with sepsis admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were retrospectively classified into the SIC group and non-SIC group according to SIC diagnostic criteria. The baseline clinical data, severity score, total length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay and 28-day survival were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier was used to compare the 28-day survival of patients with sepsis between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard regression model was employed to analyze the risk factors of prognosis in patients with sepsis.Results:Totally 274 patients with sepsis were included in the analysis, including 139 patients in the SIC group and 135 patients in the non-SIC group. The two groups were compared in the perspectives of the Platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT) , procalcitonin (PCT), D dimer, hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin, acute kidney injury (AKI), the use of continuous renal replacement treatment (CRRT), the use of vasoactive drugs, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHEⅡ) score were compared between the two groups and the difference were statistically different (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 28-day mortality rate in the SIC group was significantly higher than that in the non-SIC group (32.4% vs. 14.1%, P<0.05). COX proportional hazard model showed that SIC score ( HR= 2.17, 95% CI: 1.15-3.91, P<0.05), APACHEⅡ score ( HR= 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09-1.17, P<0.05) and the use of vasoactive drugs ( HR=3.66, 95% CI: 1.53-8.75, P<0.05) were independent influencing factors for 28-day death in patients with sepsis. Conclusions:Patients with sepsis and SIC have more severe disease and increased mortality risk. SIC score exhibits good clinical value in predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

Effects of dopamine on oxidative stress and VEGF expression in retinal tissues of rats with diabetic retinopathy model / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of dopamine on oxidative stress and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the retinal tissue of diabetic retinopathy (DR) model rats.Methods:Ninety rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the model group, and the dopamine group, with 30 rats in each group. In the dopamine group, the DR model was established by a high-sugar and high-fat diet for four consecutive weeks, and no drug intervention was given to the control or model groups. The eyes of rats in the dopamine group were injected intravitreally with 50 mg/kg dopamine solution. The retinal tissues of the rats in the three groups were observed under a light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and VEGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the retinal tissues of the rats in the three groups. Western blot was used to detect VEGF expression in the three groups of rats.Results:In the control rats, the inner retinal border membrane was flat, with fewer neovascular endothelial cells protruding into the vitreous, and no neovascularization connected to the inner membrane reaching the intravitreous was observed. Compared with the control group, rats in the model group had more vascular endothelial cells breaking through the inner border membrane, and significant cellular proliferation was observed under the inner border membrane. Compared with the model group, rats in the dopamine group had a less flat inner retinal border membrane, fewer neovascularized endothelial cells protruding into the vitreous, and less cellular proliferation under the inner border membrane. Compared with the control group, CAT and SOD levels were decreased, while MDA, MCP-1, IL-6, and VEGF levels were increased in the model group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, CAT and SOD levels were increased in the dopamine group, while MDA, MCP-1, IL-6, and VEGF levels were decreased, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Dopamine up-regulated CAT and SOD levels and down-regulated MDA, MCP-1, IL-6 levels, and VEGF expression in the retinal tissues of DR rats.

Mediating effect of self-efficacy on self-management ability and self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of self-efficacy between self-management ability and self-management behavior and its differences among patients with different disease courses through mediation tests.@*METHODS@#In the study, 489 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended the endocrinology departments of four hospitals in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from July to September 2022 were enrolled as the study population. They were investigated by General Information Questionnaire, Diabetes Self-Management Scale, Chinese version of Diabetes Empowerment Simplified Scale, and Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale. Mediation analyses were performed using the linear regression model, Sobel test, and Bootstrap test in the software Stata version 15.0 and divided the patients into different disease course groups for subgroup analysis according to whether the disease course was > 5 years.@*RESULTS@#In this study, the score of self-management behavior in the patients with type 2 diabetes was 6.16±1.41, the score of self-management ability was 3.99±0.74, and the score of self-efficacy was 7.05±1.90. The results of the study showed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-management ability (r=0.33) as well as self-management behavior (r=0.47) in the patients with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.01). The mediating effect of self-efficacy accounted for 38.28% of the total effect of self-management ability on self-management behaviors and was higher in the behaviors of blood glucose monitoring (43.45%) and diet control (52.63%). The mediating effect of self-efficacy accounted for approximately 40.99% of the total effect for the patients with disease course ≤ 5 years, while for the patients with disease course > 5 years, the mediating effect accounted for 39.20% of the total effect.@*CONCLUSION@#Self-efficacy enhanced the effect of self-management ability on the behavior of the patients with type 2 diabetes, and this positive effect was more significant for the patients with shorter disease course. Targeted health education should be carried out to enhance patients' self-efficacy and self-management ability according to their disease characteristics, to stimulate their inner action, to promote the development of their self-management behaviors, and to form a more stable and long-term mechanism for disease management.